Who Is The Godfather Of India
Introduction
Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, popularly known as Babasaheb Ambedkar, is a towering figure in Indian history. Often referred to as the “Godfather of India” or the “Father of the Indian Constitution,” Dr. Ambedkar’s contributions to shaping modern India are immeasurable. A jurist, economist, politician, and social reformer, he dedicated his life to fighting against social discrimination and working towards the upliftment of the underprivileged.
Key Achievements
| Year | Achievement |
| 1915 | Earned a doctorate in Economics from Columbia University, becoming one of the first Indians to earn a doctorate from a foreign university |
| 1917 | Joined Baroda State Service after returning to India |
| 1920 | Began publication of the weekly newspaper “Mooknayak” to voice concerns of the oppressed |
| 1927 | Led the Mahad Satyagraha for the right of untouchables to draw water from public tanks |
| 1932 | Signed the Poona Pact with Mahatma Gandhi, which provided reserved seats for depressed classes in provincial legislatures |
| 1936 | Founded the Independent Labour Party |
| 1942 | Established the Scheduled Castes Federation |
| 1947 | Appointed as the first Law Minister of independent India |
| 1948-1950 | Served as the Chairman of the Constitution Drafting Committee |
| 1950 | Completed the draft of India’s constitution |
| 1951 | Resigned from the cabinet due to differences over the Hindu Code Bill |
| 1956 | He converted to Buddhism along with thousands of his followers. |
Early Life and Struggles
Born into a Mahar family, considered untouchables in the Hindu caste system, Dr. Ambedkar faced severe discrimination from an early age. Despite his father’s position in the army, young Bhimrao was subjected to segregation in school, denied fundamental rights, and often humiliated due to his caste. These experiences shaped his worldview and fueled his determination to fight against social injustice. Despite numerous obstacles, including poverty and social ostracism, Ambedkar pursued higher education with unwavering resolve, eventually becoming one of the most highly educated Indians of his time.
Education and Intellectual Growth
Early Education
Despite the challenges posed by the caste system, Ambedkar’s father, who believed in the power of education, ensured that his children received schooling. Bhimrao’s intellect was recognized early on, and he could continue his studies with the support of progressive teachers and rulers.
Higher Education
Ambedkar’s thirst for knowledge led him to pursue higher education in India and abroad. He earned multiple degrees, including:
- A. from Elphinstone College, Bombay (1912)
- A. in Economics from Columbia University, USA (1915)
- D. from Columbia University (1917)
- Sc. in Economics from the London School of Economics (1921)
- Barrister-at-Law from Gray’s Inn, London (1923)
His extensive education equipped him with the intellectual tools to challenge the social and economic injustices prevalent in Indian society.
Political Career and Social Activism
Political Beginnings
His desire for social change drove Ambedkar’s political entry. He founded several political parties and organizations to represent the interests of the oppressed classes, including:
- Independent Labour Party (1936)
- Scheduled Castes Federation (1942)
Social Reforms
Throughout his life, Ambedkar campaigned tirelessly for the rights of the untouchables and other marginalized groups. Some of his notable campaigns include:
- Mahad Satyagraha (1927): A protest to assert the right of untouchables to draw water from public tanks
- Temple Entry Movements: Campaigns to allow untouchables to enter Hindu temples
- Advocacy for separate electorates for untouchables, which led to the Poona Pact (1932)
Architect of the Indian Constitution
Ambedkar’s most significant contribution to India was drafting the country’s constitution. As the Chairman of the Constitution Drafting Committee, he played a pivotal role in shaping the world’s longest-written constitution.
Key Contributions to the Constitution:
Fundamental Rights: Enshrining equal rights for all citizens
Directive Principles of State Policy: Guiding principles for governance
Reservation system: Affirmative action for historically disadvantaged groups
Abolition of untouchability: Making the practice a punishable offense
Later Life and Legacy
In his later years, Ambedkar grew disillusioned with Hinduism’s inability to address caste discrimination. In 1956, he converted to Buddhism along with hundreds of thousands of his followers, sparking a mass conversion movement.
Ambedkar’s legacy continues to inspire millions in India and around the world. His contributions to social justice, constitutional law, and human rights have earned him a place among India’s most revered leaders. The Indian government honored him with the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, posthumously in 1990.
Conclusion
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s life and work embody the struggle against social injustice and the quest for equality. From facing discrimination as an untouchable to becoming the chief architect of the Indian Constitution, his journey is a testament to the power of education, perseverance, and unwavering commitment to social justice. As the “Godfather of India,” Ambedkar’s vision continues to shape the nation’s path towards a more equitable society.
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